Edible gray mushrooms. Autumn types of rows. Description: mushrooms Ryadovki edible

Ryadovki belong to the genus of ground agaric mushrooms from the family of the same name. Characteristic features are colored hats with a scaly or fibrous surface, rather dense legs, as well as a very strong and pungent odor. Consider how different types of rows differ from each other, and what features they have.

In nature, there are a huge number of varieties of rows, which differ significantly from each other both in appearance and in properties. The list is quite large, and includes about thirty items, including:

It should be borne in mind that among these species there are edible and poisonous rows. Therefore, when going to the forest for these mushrooms, it is important to learn how to understand them well.

What do mushrooms look like

It is very important for lovers of mushroom dishes to have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat rows look like so as not to mistakenly send a dangerous poisonous specimen to their basket.

Depending on the species, these mushrooms can have a different shape and color, so it is very important to know how to distinguish one variety from another.

Rows are edible, conditionally edible and poisonous. It is quite difficult for inexperienced mushroom pickers to tell the difference between them at a glance. Therefore, we will first consider those types of rows that can be collected without any fear.

One of the most popular varieties is the edible gray row. It is characterized by a hat diameter of 3 to 12 cm. The color of the hat is gray, in some cases with an olive or purple tint. Its shape may initially be slightly conical or convex, but becomes flatter with time. Roughness or ripples are visible along the edges. The leg of this type of mushroom can reach a height of 5 to 16 centimeters. Its color is usually white or slightly yellowish, in most cases, powdery. The pulp has a fibrous structure, as well as a mild odor.

Ryadovka purple belongs to the category of conditionally edible mushrooms. Young specimens are characterized by a bright and rich purple color, which eventually begins to fade and turn pale. Like many other species, the cap has a slightly curved and wavy shape. Another distinctive feature of this species is a pleasant taste and aroma, somewhat similar to the aroma of anise. Like many other types of conditionally edible mushrooms, before they need to be processed according to all the rules.

Another popular species is the poplar row, which belongs to the category of edible mushrooms of the third category. This type of fungus got its name due to the ability to form mycorrhiza (symbiosis) with poplar roots. His hat is spherical and quite fleshy with slightly curled edges - its diameter can vary from 6 to 12 cm. Its color is very interesting, since it varies from gray-reddish to olive-brown. As the fungus grows, uneven cracks begin to form on the edges of the cap. The color of the pulp of this fruit is whitish, and directly under the cap is reddish.

Where do they grow?

For everyone who is interested in cooking delicious mushroom dishes, it is important to know where the rows grow. Most often they are found in those types of terrain, which are characterized by sandy soils covered with moss. They grow mainly in coniferous forests and pine forests, which is why they are often called sunflowers. In addition, rows often grow in parks and gardens. The very name of these mushrooms suggests that they grow in rows, which are often quite long.

It should be borne in mind that representatives of different varieties of rows prefer different habitats. So, for example, May can be found not only in coniferous forests, but also in deciduous, as well as in meadows and fields.

When can you collect?

Another important question that interests everyone who would like to cook something tasty from these mushrooms is when to collect rows. The very first mushrooms begin to appear as early as May, but the bulk of the crop is usually harvested from early August to late October.

Experienced mushroom pickers prefer such types of this mushroom as gray, red, and also crowded rows. Using these fruits, you can cook many delicious dishes. They can be fried, pickled or salted, however, when starting cooking, it is imperative to pre-process them:

carefully remove the skin from the caps,
Rinse each fruit thoroughly under running water.

It is necessary to rinse very carefully, since the smallest grains of sand and debris can clog between the plates in the cracks.

Edible and non-edible: how to distinguish

Even before harvesting mushrooms, it is important to understand how rows of edible and inedible rows are distinguished from each other.

Fortunately, most varieties are edible and completely safe. These include:

Each of these species is characterized by individual properties and features.

The May row is characterized by a cream color, which begins to turn white over time. White plates, on the contrary, turn gray over time. According to its taste and aromatic properties, the pulp of this mushroom resembles fresh flour.

It is quite easy to recognize a twisted row. Often these mushrooms grow together so closely that it becomes very problematic to separate them from each other. This explains their characteristic name. The cap of this variety is fleshy, but at the same time brittle. The grayish-brown pulp has an elastic and fibrous texture, a pronounced floury smell, as well as a delicate and pleasant taste that leaves no gourmet indifferent.

Earthy rowing is quite widely used in cooking in many European countries. The color of the cap can vary from gray to grayish brown. Its flesh has a dense texture and white color. Pronounced taste and aromatic properties are not characteristic of it.

Row poplar - one of the largest species. Its color is predominantly yellowish or terracotta with noticeable lightened edges. The dense pulp, as a rule, has a whitish color.

As for inedible varieties, these include:

brown;
white;
leopard.

Eating them leads to serious poisoning, so take extra care when harvesting mushrooms.

Row is poisonous: how to determine it

A huge danger is poisonous rowing, some of the species of which in appearance are in many ways similar to edible specimens. The gray row is poisonous, containing a toxic substance, contributes to the occurrence of gastric disorders in severe forms.

A similar effect is exerted by the white poisonous row, which has a dull and nondescript gray-white color. Young individuals practically do not have any smell, however, over time, something very unpleasant begins to appear, reminiscent of the musty smell of stale radish.

Some other varieties of toxic rows, unfortunately, have a smell that is almost indistinguishable from the smell of edible specimens, so you need to pay special attention to external signs. One of them is a tiger or leopard row, a characteristic spotted color.

There are many varieties of rows. It is very important to learn how to distinguish between safe and toxic if you want to cook delicious mushroom dishes.

Ryadovka(tricholoma) - a mushroom that can be both edible and poisonous. belong to the department Basidiomycetes, the class Agaricomycetes, the agaric order, the row family, the row row family. The name "row row" is often used for other mushrooms from the row family and other families.

Row mushrooms got their name due to the peculiarity of growing in large colonies arranged in long rows and witch circles.

Ryadovka - mushroom description, characteristics, photo. What does the row look like

Hat

The fruiting bodies of mushrooms have a hat-and-leg structure and are distinguished by a significant variability of external features. The cap of a young row, depending on the species, can be spherical, cone-shaped or bell-shaped. The diameter of the cap in different species varies from 3 to 20 cm. With age, the caps straighten and become flat-spread, in many species a well-defined tubercle remains in the center. The edges of the cap can be smooth, wavy, sometimes tucked up or, conversely, bent outward.

The skin of the row cap is dry and velvety, fibrous, scaly, or completely smooth and slimy. The color of the cap depends on the species and can be pure white or various variations of yellow, green, red and brown. As the fungus grows, the color of the cap can undergo significant changes.

Hymenophore (plates)

Under the cap, rowing mushrooms have plates that are covered with a spore-bearing layer - hymenium. The plates of some species are thin and frequent, while others are rare and fleshy, thoroughly fused with the stem. In young mushrooms, the hymenophore is white and even, with age its surface turns brown, becomes covered with brown spots, and the edges become uneven or torn.

Leg

The average height of the row leg varies from 3 to 10 cm, thickness - from 0.7 to 2 cm. The shape of the leg can be straight, cylindrical, club-shaped or expanding towards the top or bottom. The leg is completely bare, velvety, fibrous or covered with scales. The main color of the stem is pinkish-brown, and under the hat there may be a sharply limited or blurred white zone. In some species, the color of the legs may be lilac, and under the hat there may be a fibrous ring - the remains of a protective cover.

Spores and spore powder

Row mushroom has oblong, smooth, white or colorless spores. Spore powder is often white, sometimes brown.

Edibility

Row mushrooms can be edible, conditionally edible, inedible, non-toxic or poisonous: it all depends on the species. Most varieties have a distinctive mealy odor and an unpleasant, often bitter taste.

Where do rows (tricholomas) grow?

Rows are ground fungi that are distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are mycorrhiza-forming, and coniferous trees are preferred as mycorrhizal partners: more often pine, less often larch, spruce fir, rare species are in symbiosis with oak, birch and beech.

Rows grow on poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests. Usually appear in late summer and bear fruit until frost. But there are also species that can be harvested in the spring.

Row mushrooms grow singly, in small or large groups, forming long rows or ring colonies - “witch circles”.

Row mushrooms: photos, types, names

The genus Ryadovka includes about 100 species of mushrooms, 45 of which grow in Russia. Below are the types of rows (from the family of rows and other families) with descriptions and photographs.

Row mushrooms are edible, photo and description.

Row gray(lat. Tricholoma portentosum) is an edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the serushka with a diameter of 4 to 12 cm is initially rounded, and over time becomes flat and uneven, with a flattened tubercle in the middle. The smooth skin of old mushrooms cracks, and its color is mouse or dark gray, sometimes with a greenish or purple tint. The smooth leg has a height of 4 to 15 cm, wider at the base, covered with a powdery coating at the top, becoming hollow over time. The color of the legs is whitish with a gray-yellow tint. The plates of this variety of rowing are wide, rare, at first white, with time they turn yellow or gray. The dense whitish pulp of serushka often turns yellow at the break and has a characteristic, mild, powdery taste and mild aroma. The gray row mushroom is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, therefore it grows mainly in pine forests throughout the temperate zone, often adjacent to greenfinch. Appears in September, and departs only at the end of autumn (in November).

Lilac-legged rowing (blue-legged, blue root, two-color rowing,lepista lilac-legged)(lat. Lepista personata, Lepista saeva)- an edible mushroom from the genus Lepista, the ordinary family. You can distinguish this rowing by the purple color of the legs. The hat has a diameter of 6-15 cm (sometimes up to 25 cm) and a smooth yellowish-beige surface with a purple tint. The plates of the fungus are frequent, wide, yellowish or cream in color. The leg is 5-10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick. In young rows, a fibrous ring is clearly visible on the leg. The fleshy flesh of the two-color rows can be white, grayish or gray-purple with a mild sweet taste and a slight fruity aroma. Purple-footed mushrooms grow mainly in deciduous forests of the temperate zone with a predominance of ash. They are found throughout Russia. They bear fruit in large families, in the harvest year - from mid-spring (April) to persistent frosts (November).

Earthy rowing (earthy gray rowing, ground rowing)(lat. Tricholoma terreum)- edible mushroom. In young mushrooms, a cap with a diameter of 3-9 cm has the shape of a cone, and over time it becomes almost flat with a sharp or not very pronounced tubercle in the middle. The silky-fibrous skin of the cap is usually murine or gray-brown in color, although red-brown (brick-colored) specimens are found. The leg of this type of rowing is 5-9 cm long and up to 2 cm thick, straight or curved with a screw, white, in old mushrooms it is hollow, with a yellowish lower part. The plates of the earthy row are sparse, uneven, white or with a grayish tinge. The pulp is elastic, white, almost tasteless, with a slight floury smell. The earthy row is in symbiosis with pine, therefore it grows only in the coniferous forests of the European territory of Russia, in Siberia and the Caucasus. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to mid-October.

Mongolian rowing(lat. Tricholoma mongolicum) is an edible mushroom with excellent taste. It has an appearance uncharacteristic for most rows. If it were not for the plates, an inexperienced mushroom picker could have taken the Mongolian row of porcini mushrooms. The cap of young species has the shape of an egg or a hemisphere, and over time becomes convex-prostrate with tucked edges. The white glossy skin of the cap becomes dull and off-white with age. On average, the diameter of the cap reaches 6-20 cm. The leg of the Mongolian row is 4-10 cm high, thick, expanded at the base. In young mushrooms, the stem is white, with age it becomes yellowish, hollow. The pulp of the mushroom is white, fleshy with a good taste and mushroom aroma. Ryadovka Mongolian grows in Central Asia, Mongolia and western China. Fruits twice: the first time - from March to May, the second - in the middle of autumn. It grows in the steppes among the grass, mostly in large groups, often forming "witch circles". It is valued in Mongolia as the main type of mushroom and a medicinal remedy.

Matsutake (shod rowing, spotted rowing)(lat. Tricholoma matsutake) translated from Japanese means “pine mushroom” and is highly valued in Asian cuisine for its specific pine-spicy smell and delicious mushroom taste. Matsutake mushroom has a wide silky cap with a diameter of 6 to 20 cm. The skin can be of different shades of brown, in old mushrooms the surface cracks, and white flesh shines through it. The stem of the matsutake, 5 to 20 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm thick, holds firmly in the soil and is often tilted all the way to the ground. At the top, the leg of the spotted row is white, brown below, under the cap itself there is a membranous ring - the remains of a protective cover. Matsutake plates are light, the flesh is white with a spicy aroma of cinnamon. Matsutake mushroom grows in Japan, China, Korea, Sweden, Finland, North America, Russia (Urals, Siberia, Far East). It is a mycorrhizal partner of coniferous trees: pine (including red Japanese) and fir. It occurs in ring colonies under fallen leaves on dry, poor soils. Fruiting from September to October.

Giant rowing (giant rowing, giant rowing, colossus rowing, huge rowing)(lat. Tricholoma colossus)- edible mushroom. The diameter of the cap of the giant row varies from 8 to 20 cm, and the hemispherical shape changes with age to a flat one with a raised edge. The skin of the cap is smooth, reddish-brown, with lighter edges. The elastic straight leg with a tuberous seal at the base grows up to 5-10 cm in length and has a thickness of 2 to 6 cm. The upper part of the leg is white, in the center it is yellow or reddish-brown. The plates of the edible gigantic row are frequent, wide, white, and in old mushrooms they acquire a brick color. The white pulp of the rowing mushroom turns red or yellow when damaged, has a pleasant mushroom aroma and a tart nutty taste. Giant rows are mycorrhizal partners of pine, therefore they grow in pine forests in European countries, in Russia, North Africa and Japan. Peak fruiting is in August and September.

Yellow-brown rowing (brown rowing, red-brown rowing, brown-yellow rowing)(lat. Tricholoma fulvum)- edible mushroom, slightly bitter when cooked. The convex hat of young rows eventually acquires a flattened shape with a small tubercle in the middle. The skin is sticky, in old mushrooms it can be scaly. The diameter of the hat of the yellow-brown row varies from 3 to 15 cm, the color of the hat is reddish-brown with a lighter edge. The stem of the fungus is straight or with a slight thickening in the lower part, grows from 4 to 12 cm in height and has a thickness of up to 2 cm. The surface of the stem is white above, becoming yellowish-brown below, penetrated by thin red-brown fibers. The plates are frequent or sparse, uneven, pale yellow, covered with brown spots in old mushrooms. The flesh of the brown row is white or yellowish, has a characteristic mealy aroma and a bitter taste. The yellow-brown row is in symbiosis only with birch, therefore it grows exclusively in deciduous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, especially abundant in August and September.

Row crowded (lyophyllum crowded, group row)(lat. Lyophyllum decastes)- an edible mushroom of low quality, belongs to the genus lyophyllum, the lyophyllic family. One fusion of mushrooms consists of fruiting bodies with different shapes. The caps are rounded, with a tucked edge, convex-prostrate or slightly concave. The diameter of the cap of this variety of rowing varies from 4 to 12 cm. The smooth, sometimes scaly skin of the cap has a grayish, gray-brown or off-white color, which brightens with time. The light legs of the mushrooms, often fused at the base, grow from 3 to 8 cm in height and have a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. The shape of the leg is straight or slightly swollen, with a gray-brown tuberous thickening at the base. The plates of the fungus are frequent, fleshy, even, grayish or yellowish, darken when damaged. The dense, elastic pulp of the crowded rowweed has a mouse or brownish color with a characteristic floury aroma and a slight pleasant taste. Row crowded is a typical soil saprophyte that grows throughout the temperate climate zone. Grows in tight, hard-to-separate groups in forests, parks, gardens, meadows, along roads and edges from September to October. In a number of Asian countries, it is grown and used in pharmacology for the production of drugs for diabetes and oncological diseases.

Ryadovka Mayskaya(May mushroom, May calocybe, St. George's mushroom)(lat. Calocybe gambosa)- an edible mushroom of the genus Calocybe, family Lyophylls. The diameter of the cap of the May mushroom is only 4-6 cm, and the flat-round shape of young mushrooms changes to convex-prostrate as it grows. The flaky-fibrous skin of the cap at the beginning of growth has a light beige color, then turns white, and turns yellow in overgrown mushrooms. A straight leg 4 to 9 cm high and up to 3.5 cm thick can expand downward or, conversely, narrow. The main color of the legs of the May row is whitish with yellowness, and rusty yellow at the base. Often growing plates are white at first, then become cream or light yellow. The fleshy pulp of the May row is colored white and has a floury taste and aroma. Ryadovka Mayskaya is common throughout the European part of Russia and grows in forests, groves, parks, meadows and pastures from April to June, but bears fruit especially abundantly in May.

Rows are conditionally edible, photo and description.

Poplar rowing (lat. Tricholoma populinum)- conditionally edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the poplar row has a diameter of 6 to 12 cm, at first convex, gradually straightens, and its glossy and slippery surface becomes uneven. The skin of the cap is colored yellow-brown. The fleshy leg is 3-8 cm long and up to 4 cm thick, light in a young mushroom, becomes red-brown with age, darkens when pressed. The plates are white at first, in overgrown mushrooms they are red-brown. The pulp is dense, fleshy, white, has a pronounced floury smell. Under the skin of the cap it is pink, in the stem it is gray-brown. Poplar row mushroom forms mycorrhiza with poplar, therefore it is distributed mainly under poplars, in the forest-park zone of Siberia and southern Russia. Fruits in long rows from late summer to October. In regions poor in other types of mushrooms, poplar rows are valued as an important food product.

Row purple(lat. Lepista nuda)- a conditionally edible mushroom, which was originally classified as a genus of lepista, and now belongs to the genus talker, or clitocybe (Clitocybe). Violet rowing is a fairly large mushroom with a cap diameter of 6 to 15 cm (sometimes up to 20 cm). The shape of the cap is initially hemispherical, gradually straightens out and becomes convex-prostrate, and sometimes concave inward with a wavy, tucked edge. The smooth glossy skin of young rows is bright purple in color, as the fungus grows, it fades and becomes brownish or yellowish-brown. The leg, 4 to 10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick, can be even, slightly thickened near the ground, but always covered at the top with a scattering of light flakes. In young mushrooms, the stem is elastic, purple, brightens with age, and turns brown in old age. Violet row plates up to 1 cm wide, thin, frequent, purple, brownish in overgrown specimens. The fleshy pulp is also distinguished by a light purple color, becoming yellowish with time, with a mild taste and an anise aroma that is unexpected for mushrooms. Violet rows are typical saprophytes, grow on the ground, rotting foliage and needles, as well as in vegetable gardens on compost. Purple row mushrooms are common in coniferous and mixed forests throughout the temperate zone, appear at the end of summer and bear fruit until December, both singly and in ring colonies.

Row yellow-red (pine honey agaric, yellow-red honey agaric, red honey agaric, blushing row, yellow-red false row) (lat. Tricholomopsis rutilans)- conditionally edible mushroom. Due to the unpleasant bitter taste and sour smell, it is often considered inedible. In the blushing row, at first a rounded, then prostrate hat with a diameter of 5 to 15 cm. The skin is dry, velvety, orange-yellow in color, dotted with small, red-brown fibrous scales. The straight or curved stem grows up to 4-10 cm in height, has a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm and a characteristic thickened base. The color of the stem corresponds to the color of the cap, but with lighter scales. The plates are wavy, pale or bright yellow. The dense, fleshy pulp of the rowing mushroom is distinguished by a juicy yellow color, bitter and has a sour smell of rotten wood. Unlike most other rows, the blushing row is a saprotroph that grows, like mushrooms, on dead wood in pine forests. It is a common mushroom of the temperate zone and bears fruit in families from mid-summer to late October.

Ryadovka open-shaped, she is bandaged rowing(lat. Tricholoma focale)- a conditionally edible rare mushroom with low taste. Fleshy mushrooms on a thick stem are distinguished by a heterogeneous color of the cap, which can be red, yellowish-brown with greenish spots and veins. The diameter of the row cap is from 3 to 15 cm, the shape is narrow and convex in a young mushroom, over time it becomes flat-convex with a tucked edge. The leg is 3 to 11 cm high and up to 3 cm thick and has a fibrous ring. Above the ring, the leg is white or cream, from below it is covered with scales and brick-colored belts. The rowing plates are frequent, pale pink or cream at the beginning of growth, then they become uneven, dirty yellow, with brown spots. The flesh is white, with an unpleasant taste and smell. Rowberry is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and grows on infertile soils of light pine forests in Europe and North America. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to October. You can eat them in a salted, pickled form, as well as after boiling for 20 minutes (the water must be drained).

Row bearded, or woolly rowing(lat. Tricholoma vaccinum)- conditionally edible mushroom, widespread throughout the temperate climate zone. The bearded row is easily identified by its reddish or pinkish-brown, woolly-scaly skin. The hat at first has a convex, conical shape, in old mushrooms it is almost flat, with a low tubercle. The edges of young mushrooms are characteristically tucked up, and over time they almost completely straighten out. The diameter of the cap is 4-8 cm, the length of the stem is 3-9 cm, with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. White or yellowish-cream plates rarely planted, turn brown when broken. The flesh is white or pale yellow, without a pronounced taste and aroma. Mycorrhiza of the bearded row is associated with spruce, less often bearded row mushrooms grow in pine and fir forests, as well as in swamps with a predominance of willow and alder. The mushroom bears fruit from mid-August to mid-October.

Zelenushka (green row, green, yellow, golden row, lemon row)(lat. Tricholoma equestre, Tricholoma flavovirens)- a conditionally edible mushroom, which got its name due to the persistent green color that persists even in boiled mushrooms. It is suspected that the mushroom is poisonous, due to several deaths after eating this mushroom. The green row has a fleshy hat with a diameter of 4 to 15 cm, first convex, then becomes flat. The skin is smooth, slimy, green-yellow in color with a brownish center, usually covered with a substrate (such as sand) on which the rowweed mushroom grows. The smooth yellowish-green leg of the greenfinch, 4 to 9 cm long, has a slight thickening at the bottom and is often hidden in the soil, and is dotted with small brown scales at the base. The plates are thin, frequent, lemon or greenish-yellow in color. The flesh of young specimens is white, turns yellow with age and has a floury smell and a mild taste. Greenfinch grows in dry, pine-dominated coniferous forests throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Unlike most rowing mushrooms, green rowing mushrooms bear fruit singly or in small groups of 5-8 pieces from September until frost.

Row scaly (fibrous scaly), she is sweetie or brownish row(lat. Tricholoma imbricatum)- a conditionally edible mushroom with a convex dark brown cap and club-shaped leg. Some mycologists classify these row mushrooms as inedible. The velvety, covered with small scales cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it looks like a cone, then it becomes flat-convex with a protruding tubercle in the middle. Leg length from 4 to 10 cm, fibrous, brown below, pinkish or yellow in the middle, white under the cap. The plates of this type of rows are white or cream, when damaged they become brown. The white or light beige pulp of the mushrooms has a light fruity aroma and a mealy taste with a slight bitterness. The scaly rowweed is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and is often found in coniferous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, growing in large colonies, often in the form of “witch circles”. Fruiting from mid-August to mid-October.

Row white-brown or white-brown (lashanka)(lat. Tricholoma albobrunneum)- conditionally edible mushroom. Some mycologists classify it as an inedible mushroom. The cap is burgundy at first, becoming reddish-brown with a pale edge over time. The skin of the cap is mucous, prone to cracking. The cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it resembles a wide cone, it flattens as it grows, but has a characteristic tubercle in the middle. The stem can be from 3 to 10 cm in height and up to 2 cm in thickness, smooth or thin below, pinkish-brown with a white zone under the cap itself. The plates are frequent, white, in old mushrooms they are covered with brown spots. The pulp is white, powdery, bitter in old mushrooms. White-brown rowing mushrooms are associated with pine mycorrhiza, sometimes found in spruce, less often mixed forests with acidic sandy soil. Fruiting from late August to October.

Rows are inedible, photo and description.

Row white(lat. Tricholoma album)- inedible, and according to some sources, a poisonous mushroom. Outwardly, it resembles champignon and resembles another inedible representative of trichol - stinky row (lat. Tricholoma inamoenum). White rowing differs from champignon in its pungent smell and pungent taste, and also in the fact that its plates do not darken. The cap of a white row with a diameter of 6 to 10 cm, at first convex-rounded, then acquires a convex-outstretched shape. The dry dull skin of the cap is initially gray-white, and then becomes yellow-brown and covered with brownish spots. The leg of the row, 5-10 cm high, has a slight thickening at the bottom and repeats the color of the cap, in overgrown specimens it turns brown at the base. The plates are wide, frequent, at first white, with time they turn noticeably yellow. The pulp of the fruiting body is white, fleshy, turns pink on the cut and has a bitter, burning taste. The smell of old mushrooms is musty, somewhat similar to the smell of radish. Ceps are found in birch-dominated deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They grow from August to mid-autumn in huge families forming long rows and circles.

Soap row (lat. Tricholoma saponaceum, Agaricus saponaceus)- a non-toxic mushroom, recognized as inedible due to its unpleasant taste and fruity and soapy smell, which persist even when cooked. The soapwort has a smooth, hairless olive-green or olive-brown cap with a reddish center and pale margins. The shape of the cap is initially conical, then becomes flat-convex with a pronounced tubercle, the diameter is from 3 to 12 cm. The stipe is even or club-shaped, white or greenish-yellow, often dotted with red spots in older specimens. The height of the leg is from 6 to 12 cm with a thickness of 1 to 5 cm. Dense white or yellowish flesh turns red on the cut. Soapy mushrooms grow in coniferous and deciduous forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, oak and beech. Fruiting from late summer to late autumn.

Rows are poisonous, photo and description.

Row sulfuric (sulphurous), she sulphur-yellow row(lat. Tricholoma sulphureum)- a slightly poisonous, low-toxic mushroom that can cause mild poisoning. The fruit body of this mushroom has a characteristic gray-yellow color, which acquires a rusty-brown hue in old mushrooms. The velvety hat is 3 to 8 cm in diameter, convex at first, and eventually becomes flat with a small hole in the middle. The leg of this type of rowing with a height of 3 to 11 cm sometimes expands towards the bottom, or vice versa, thickens towards the top, at the base it can be covered with brown scales. The plates are rare, with an uneven edge. The pulp is distinguished by a pronounced smell of hydrogen sulfide, tar or acetylene and an unpleasant, bitter taste. Sulfuric mushrooms grow in deciduous and mixed forests throughout the European territory, are in symbiosis with oak and beech, sometimes with fir and pine. Fruiting from mid-August to October.

Pointed rowing (mouse rowing, striped rowing, burning-sharp rowing)(lat. Tricholoma virgatum)- poisonous mushroom (some consider it to be inedible). The hat, 3-5 cm in diameter, at first looks like a pointed cone or bell, and as it grows, it becomes plano-convex, with a pronounced sharp tubercle in the middle. The shiny fibrous skin of the pointed rows is distinguished by a dark gray mouse color. The leg of this type of rowing is long and thin, grows from 5 to 15 cm in length and is even or gradually expands downwards. The surface of the leg is white, near the ground it may be yellow or pinkish. The plates of the mouse row are frequent, uneven, white or grayish, in overgrown mushrooms they are covered with yellow spots. The dense white pulp of the fruiting body has no pronounced odor and is distinguished by a sharp pungent taste. Row pointed is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, spruce and larch. Abundantly grows in coniferous forests of the temperate zone from early September to late autumn.

Tiger Row, she is leopard row or rowing poisonous(lat. Tricholoma pardinum)- a rare poisonous toxic mushroom that is easily confused with some edible types of rowing. The hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm initially has the shape of a ball, then resembles a bell, and in old specimens it becomes flat. Off-white, grayish or black-gray skin of the cap is covered with concentric flaky scales. In a similar edible species, gray rows, the cap is slimy and smooth. The leg of the tiger line is from 4 to 15 cm long, straight, sometimes club-shaped, white in color with a slight buffy coating, rusty at the base. The plates are wide, fleshy, rather rare, yellowish or greenish. In mature mushrooms, droplets of released moisture are visible on the plates. The pulp of the fruiting body is gray, at the base of the stem is yellow, with a floury smell, devoid of bitterness. A similar view is the earthy row (lat. Tricholoma terreum), does not have a floury taste and smell, and its plates are white or gray. Tiger mushrooms grow on the edges of coniferous and deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They bear fruit from the end of August to October singly, in small groups or form "witch circles".

Useful properties of the row.

Edible rowan mushrooms are an excellent dietary product that has a positive effect on the tone of the gastrointestinal tract, promotes the regeneration of liver cells and the removal of toxins from the body. Rows are distinguished by a rich chemical composition, in which a number of substances useful for the human body are found:

vitamins of group B, A, C, D2, D7, K, PP, betaine;
minerals (phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, manganese);
amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine, aspartic, glutamic and stearic acids);
natural antibiotics clitocin and fomecin, which fight bacteria and cancer cells;
phenols;
ergosterol;
flavonoids;
polysaccharides.

Chemical analysis of edible species of rows revealed antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these mushrooms. Row mushrooms have a positive effect in the complex treatment of a number of pathological conditions:

diabetes;
normalization of blood pressure;
arrhythmia;
rheumatism;
osteoporosis;
disorders of the nervous system;
diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
oncological diseases.

Harm of rows and contraindications for use.

Row mushrooms tend to accumulate various atmospheric pollutants, as well as heavy metals, so old overgrown mushrooms will not bring benefits, but rather harm the body.
The abuse of mushrooms can cause flatulence, pain and heaviness in the abdomen.
You should not eat a large number of rows with low acidity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, gallbladder dysfunction, pancreatitis and cholecystitis.

Row poisoning, symptoms (signs).

Symptoms of poisoning with poisonous rows appear 1-3 hours after eating and are similar to the toxic effects of many poisonous mushrooms:

increased salivation;
weakness;
nausea;
vomit;
diarrhea;
pain in the stomach;
headache.

Poison rows usually do not cause confusion, hallucinations and delusions, but at the first symptoms of poisoning, you should consult a doctor.

Row mushroom ripens from August to October. It can be found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. In one clearing, up to several hundred fruiting bodies grow, forming rounded rows. Because of this feature, the accumulation of mushrooms was popularly nicknamed. In order not to accidentally get poisoned, you need to know how to distinguish a gray poisonous row from a conditionally edible one.

Feature and description

Like other hat mushrooms, the body of the rowing mushroom consists of a stem and a cap. Both parts are able to take on different forms, while their shades often vary. The upper part of the young row is in the form of a ball, cone, bell or flattened hemisphere. The cap size in diameter in young mushrooms is 3-4 cm, in adults - 15-20 m or more.

The older the mushroom, the flatter its cap becomes. Along the edges, it can be either flat or bent inward or outward. Sometimes a slight bulge remains in the center, but in some species it is not. The mushroom has a skin that peels off in thin strips when pulled. The surface of the cap can be:

Depending on the species, the color of the fruit body varies from white to green and brown. Also, the top of the mushroom can be bright red, red-gray, brown, green, pale yellow, dirty red, etc. This species is characterized by a change in shade during ripening and aging.

The rowing forms a stem 3–10 cm high. In a young mushroom, it has a thickness of 0.7–0.8 cm, in an old one it reaches 2.3 cm. Sometimes the stem grows the same over its entire height, but it also happens that it narrows or expands up. There are also mushrooms with club-shaped bases.

The color of the flesh of the leg is usually brownish, gray-pink or pink-brown, but only in the middle and lower parts. Under the cap itself there is a small area that is lighter than the rest of the mushroom. In some subspecies, a protective ring is located in the same place - what remains of the fibrous cover that covers the plates. The surface of the stem can be velvety, scaly (which makes it appear fluffy), fibrous, or completely smooth.

During the ripening period, the rowing forms white, light gray or colorless spores. A spore powder of brown, brown or white color is formed from the fruiting body.

Places of growth

The generic name for the gray row is tricholoma. This group includes many species, among which there are poisonous and conditionally edible. They are also found, and the second group is not toxic to humans, but does not represent nutritional value. Thus, all varieties of tricholoma are divided into 4 groups. From the point of view of botanists, rowing is a lamellar aboveground fungus, the genus is agaric, the family is row or tricholom.

The pulp of the fruiting body exudes a light fruity aroma, it tastes a little sweet. The color can be light gray, gray-lilac, pale purple, white. Purple-legged mushrooms often grow where there is a lot of ash, but they can also be found in other forests, as well as in steppes covered with grassy vegetation. In years with favorable weather, fruiting begins in mid-spring and continues until the second decade of October.

earthy gray

The plates are wide, often arranged, almost white in young specimens, brownish or red-brown in old specimens. The pulp has a delicate aroma, characteristic of edible mushrooms, and has a nutty flavor. At a break, the mushroom is white, after a while the damaged area becomes light red or yellow. Row-colossus forms a mycorrhizal symbiosis with pine, common in Russia, Japan, North Africa and some European countries. Fruiting begins in early or mid-August and continues throughout September.

Honey agaric nut

Walnut honey agaric is another type of rowing. It is known as brown, red-brown and yellow-brown. This mushroom is edible, but even after prolonged heat treatment, the flesh is slightly bitter. In young specimens, the cap is slightly convex, less often rounded, becoming flat with age. There is a slight bulge in the middle. In the early days, the skin is smooth and sticky, then it becomes rough and covered with scales. The hat grows up to 15 cm in diameter, is colored light brown along the edges, darker in the center, with a red tint.

This species grows only in birch forests. Peak fruiting is in August and September. The brown row has white loose flesh with a powdery taste and aroma. The plates are yellowish, can be located both rarely and often, as the fungus ages, they become brown. Leg yellow-brown below, white above, interspersed with brown fibers.

These are the most common types of rowing, suitable for eating. According to the descriptions, they can easily be distinguished from poisonous and inedible.

Ryadovka mushroom, the photo and description of which can be seen below, has long been valued by mushroom pickers. But it is also fraught with danger, because there are edible and inedible rows, therefore, when picking these mushrooms, you need to be very careful and careful. Edible rows are often found in temperate forests and bear fruit in large groups in the autumn. Peak fruiting occurs in September and early October.

Row mushroom has long been valued by mushroom pickers

Most often in the forests there are purple rowing, gray, purple-legged, giant, as well as crowded and yellow-red. Gray and crowded rows are famous for their palatability. Yellow-red is not so tasty, nevertheless, all types of edible rows are worth a try.

It is also called titmouse or cyanosis. A distinctive feature of this mushroom is the change in color of the cap during ripening. Initially bright purple or even brown, the hat becomes pale lilac with a brownish tint when ripe. The shape of the cap also changes: initially it looks like a hemisphere, but then it becomes open or even concave, while the edges are still bent down. The leg of the fungus is cylindrical, its height varies from 3 to 8 cm, and its diameter is from 0.7 to 2 cm.

The flesh of the mushroom is dense, has a strong aroma. You can find violet row mushrooms almost anywhere, but most of them are in coniferous and mixed forests. In such forests, rows should be sought in open areas for humus. These mushrooms grow in groups or circles. They are resistant to frost and grow until late autumn.

In no case do not pick these mushrooms in the city, because they very actively absorb various kinds of pollutants, especially heavy metals.

You can cook bruises in any way, but it is advisable to boil them a little before cooking. These mushrooms are very useful, they have a lot of vitamins, and they are also used to prepare some antibiotics. You can see what the bruises look like in photo 1.

Poplar mushrooms (video)

Ryadovka lilac-legged

Because of the characteristic color of the legs, it is also called the blue foot. She also changes the shape of her hat from a hemisphere to completely flat. The hat is large, in diameter reaches 15-16 cm or more. The taste of blueleg is very similar to champignons. The fruiting of these mushrooms occurs from March to June, and then from October until frost. You can find this row at the edge of the forest, in the grass, in the meadows. You can see it in photo 2.

Like the bluish, the purple-legged row should be boiled before cooking, then it can be cooked in any way: boil, fry, pickle or close in jars.

Row poplar

This is another autumn member of the family, fruiting from late August to November. It got its name from the fact that it can often be found next to poplars. The fact is that poplar rowing is a mushroom that has the ability to form mycorrhiza with the roots of this tree.

The hat of this row has a rounded shape, its diameter ranges from 6-12 cm. The hat is somewhat slippery, so it is often covered with moss. Its color can be red or brown, over time, cracks appear on the edges, and it changes its shape to a flat one. The leg is brownish in color, very fleshy. You can meet this mushroom in deciduous forests, where poplar grows.

Under the skin, the flesh of the poplar row is reddish. Her taste is powdery, sometimes it can be bitter. Poplar row can be grown indoors, but some conditions must be provided. These include high humidity, natural light, and fresh air. The temperature should be around 12-15°C.

Row green

In the common people it is often called greenfinch. It received this name due to the fact that even after heat treatment, the fruiting body retains its greenish color. As a rule, it grows in pine needles, only a hat is visible from the outside. It usually grows in late autumn in small colonies; it is difficult to find other mushrooms in the forest at this time. Like other representatives of this family, the green row has a rounded hat, which straightens with age. Fibrous rays are clearly visible on the hat, which diverge towards the edges. The diameter ranges from 4 to 12 cm. The mushroom itself is very fragile, the flesh is white or yellowish, has a nutty flavor.

Greenfinch is considered conditionally edible. This does not mean that the green row is poisonous, but when preparing it, precautions must be taken. These mushrooms are usually harvested in salted and dried form. Fresh, they are also very tasty, but require proper heat treatment. Before cooking, the mushroom must be washed well and peeled off the skin from the cap.

Zelenushka has its own counterpart: the sulfur false row is poisonous and unsuitable for consumption, so you need to be very careful when collecting it. You should not abuse greenfinches, as they are considered to be heavy mushrooms for the stomach.

Row gray (video)

Row gray

Another representative of the rank and file family is the gray ryadovka mushroom. His hat is dark gray, sometimes with a purple tint. Its dimensions reach 4-10 cm. In young mushrooms, it is very smooth, but over time it becomes rotten and no longer looks so attractive. The leg, as a rule, is high, up to 10 cm in height, wide enough. The flesh is white, sometimes it can be pale gray, very pleasant to the taste. These mushrooms are harvested from October to November. Sometimes they can be found in December. Mushrooms choose a pine forest as a habitat; they grow there in large groups. Greenfinches can often be found next to the gray row colonies.

Remember that the description of the fungus is similar to poisonous members of the family, so only those who can accurately distinguish this species from others should collect them.

Thus, the ordinary family is very diverse, and with knowledge, you will reap a good harvest in the forest, which you can please both yourself and your loved ones. These mushrooms can be consumed both fresh and dried. They can be closed in a jar, an excellent cork comes out. Unfortunately, among the edible, tasty members of the family, there are poisonous ones that can be harmful to health. It is very important to follow the collection rules, and then these mushrooms will delight you with their taste.

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Rows are mushrooms of autumn fruiting, grow from September to November. Distributed in the forest temperate zone of the Russian Federation. The peak of growth occurs at the beginning of autumn and continues until the first half of October.

Among all rows, the most popular are purple, lilac-legged, crowded and giant. The lilac-legged row is recognized as the best in taste. But among all specimens there are edible and inedible rows.

Row purple: photo and description

This species belongs to the family: ordinary, it is also called the bluish, naked naked and titmouse. Late season rowing has excellent taste. Description of mushroom:

The diameter of the hat ranges from 4 to 20 cm, it has curved thin edges and is slightly convex in shape. The surface is wet and smooth. The main color is purple, but has dark, brown and purple hues. In the middle of the hat there is a bright brown-violet color.
The plates are densely arranged and have a purple color. Later they can change color to pale lilac and light purple.
The structure of the fungus is dense. After a while, the row changes to a light purple color.
The leg is fleshy with a cylindrical shape, there is a thickening at the base. Size: 3-10*0.7-3 cm.

The mushroom contains a high percentage of ergosterol, stearic acid and vitamin B1, so it is effective in medicinal use.

Medicinal properties

In an experiment on laboratory animals, it was determined that the purple line has the ability suppress sarcoma-180 in 90% of cases as well as other cancers. For example, it copes in all 100% of cases with Ehrlich's carcinoma. It is capable of exerting a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells along the L-1210 line. It has a negative effect on the development of Walker 256 sarcoma and MCF-7 breast cancer.

Has an antibacterial effect and affects gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Suppresses and eliminates fungal activity, for example: Candida albicans. With regular use, the concentration of glucose in the blood decreases. Due to the presence of vitamins in the fungus, it is used to treat beriberi disease. To date, scientists are developing a dietary drug that is intended to control hypoglycemia.

In addition to the beneficial properties of the treatment of serious diseases, the mushroom improves immunity and eliminates inflammatory processes. It has an effective effect against influenza viruses.

Chinese traditional healers it is advised to use purple row often, due to this, the stability of the nervous system increases, the level of sugar in the blood stabilizes, the spleen acquires a healthy state.

This type of mushroom belongs to the edible category and does not require pre-boiling. It is used for various dishes, fillings and salads.

The purple row is located to strong absorption of toxic elements. It ranks third in absorbing cadmium, tin, mercury and copper. It is not recommended to collect in places such as: industrial areas, parks and other places with high pollution.

The violet row mycelium initially has a light blue color, but after a while it acquires its characteristic color - purple.

purple-legged row

The mushroom belongs to the family: ordinary. Other names: blueleg, goose and two-color row. Description of mushroom:

This variety belongs to edible mushrooms.. It can grow in various areas: near residential buildings, near farms, pastures and lawns, in forest belts and forests. The distribution medium of the fungus is the temperate forest-steppe of Russia. Fruiting from July to October.

In appearance, it resembles a purple row. It can only be distinguished by its distribution medium and lighter color.

From a medical point of view, the mushroom has a high antioxidant activity.

From a culinary point of view, mushrooms have excellent taste qualities. It is allowed to use without preliminary boiling. It is used for various salads and soups.

giant rows

They belong to the family: ordinary. Other names: giant pig and giant white pig. Description of mushroom:

Distribution environment: meadows, pastures, near roads, forest edges, glades and the entire temperate zone of Russia. It is mainly distributed on the Crimean Peninsula. Fruiting occurs in July-October.

Medicinal properties

The mushroom contains clitocin, this antibiotic is able to eliminate many pathogenic bacteria, for example: Salmonella typhi and others. Medicine has revealed the ability to eliminate the disease of cervical cancer. In addition, the mushroom contains flavonoid and phenol.

This species is edible and consumed only fresh. The recommended decoction time is 20 minutes and the liquid must be salty. During the collection, old mushrooms should be bypassed, because they have a bitter taste.

Belongs to the Ordinary family. Other names: group rowing and crowded lyophyllum. Description of mushroom:

Many mushroom pickers have met crowded rows, but not everyone knows what kind of variety it is. They can be found near roads, in yards, they grow on lawns and even in flower beds. They grow mainly in huge columns, the soil must be equipped with humus. Distribution environment: Far East, southern Siberia and the European part of Russia. Fruiting is infrequent and begins in August and ends in November. But if you meet at least one crowded row at the edge, then their number will be large.

Medicinal properties

Row is valued due to its immunostimulatory and anti-cancer activities. It was from this fungus that at least 10 polysaccharides were isolated, which include lyophyllan A. It has an inhibitory effect on sarcoma in 100% of cases, preventing it from developing.

Crowded row contains a large number of macrophagocytes. If you grind the mushroom to a powder state and use it systematically, then the level of cholesterol in the blood can decrease, in addition, insulin and sugar decrease. In medicine, it is used to a greater extent for antidiabetic drugs.

This mushroom is edible. It does not need to be pre-boiled. You can cook with different dishes, but it cannot be dried.

It is interesting! Crowded rows are used in medical Asian industries for the manufacture of drugs in the antidiabetic and immunostimulating direction.