There have been many rulers in the history of Russia, but not all of them can be called successful. Those who were able expanded the territory of the state, won wars, developed culture and production in the country, and strengthened international ties.
Yaroslav the Wise
Yaroslav the Wise, son of St. Vladimir, was one of the first truly effective rulers in Russian history. He founded the fortress city of Yuryev in the Baltic states, Yaroslavl in the Volga region, Yuryev Russky, Yaroslavl in the Carpathian region and Novgorod-Seversky.
During the years of his reign, Yaroslav stopped the Pecheneg raids on Rus', defeating them in 1038 near the walls of Kyiv, in honor of which the Hagia Sophia Cathedral was founded. Artists from Constantinople were called to paint the temple.
In an effort to strengthen international ties, Yaroslav used dynastic marriages and married his daughter, Princess Anna Yaroslavna, to the French king Henry I.
Yaroslav the Wise actively built the first Russian monasteries, founded the first large school, allocated large funds for translations and rewriting of books, and published the Church Charter and “Russian Truth”. In 1051, having gathered bishops, he himself appointed Hilarion as metropolitan, for the first time without the participation of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Hilarion became the first Russian metropolitan.
Ivan III
Ivan III can confidently be called one of the most successful rulers in Russian history. It was he who managed to gather the scattered principalities of northeastern Rus' around Moscow. During his lifetime, the Yaroslavl and Rostov principalities, Vyatka, Perm the Great, Tver, Novgorod and other lands became part of a single state.
Ivan III first of the Russian princes, took the title “Sovereign of All Rus'”, and introduced the term “Russia” into use. He became the liberator of Rus' from the yoke. The stand on the Ugra River, which happened in 1480, marked the final victory of Rus' in the struggle for its independence.
The Code of Laws of Ivan III, adopted in 1497, laid the legal foundations for overcoming feudal fragmentation. The Code of Law was progressive for its time: at the end of the 15th century, not every European country could boast of uniform legislation.
The unification of the country required a new state ideology, and its foundations appeared: Ivan III approved the double-headed eagle as the symbol of the country, which was used in the state symbols of Byzantium and the Holy Roman Empire.
During the life of Ivan III, the main part of the architectural ensemble of the Kremlin that we can see today was created. The Russian Tsar invited Italian architects for this. Under Ivan III, about 25 churches were built in Moscow alone.
Ivan groznyj
Ivan the Terrible is an autocrat whose rule still has a variety of, often opposing, assessments, but at the same time his effectiveness as a ruler is difficult to dispute.
He successfully fought with the successors of the Golden Horde, annexed the Kazan and Astrakhan kingdoms to Russia, significantly expanded the territory of the state to the east, subjugating the Great Nogai Horde and the Siberian Khan Edigei. However, the Livonian War ended with the loss of part of the lands, without solving its main task - access to the Baltic Sea.
Under Grozny, diplomacy developed and Anglo-Russian contacts were established. Ivan IV was one of the most educated people of his time, had a phenomenal memory and erudition, he himself wrote numerous messages, was the author of the music and text of the service for the feast of Our Lady of Vladimir, the canon to the Archangel Michael, developed book printing in Moscow, and supported chroniclers.
Peter I
Peter's rise to power radically changed the vector of Russia's development. The tsar “opened a window to Europe”, fought a lot and successfully, fought with the clergy, reformed the army, education and tax system, created the first fleet in Russia, changed the tradition of chronology, and carried out regional reform.
Peter personally met with Leibniz and Newton, and was an honorary member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. By order of Peter I, books, instruments, and weapons were purchased abroad, and foreign craftsmen and scientists were invited to Russia.
During the reign of the emperor, Russia gained a foothold on the shores of the Sea of Azov and gained access to the Baltic Sea. After the Persian campaign, the western coast of the Caspian Sea with the cities of Derbent and Baku went to Russia.
Under Peter I, outdated forms of diplomatic relations and etiquette were abolished, and permanent diplomatic missions and consulates were established abroad.
Numerous expeditions, including to Central Asia, the Far East and Siberia, made it possible to begin a systematic study of the country’s geography and develop cartography.
Catherine II
The main German on the Russian throne, Catherine the Second was one of the most effective Russian rulers. Under Catherine II, Russia finally gained a foothold in the Black Sea; lands were annexed, called Novorossiya: the Northern Black Sea region, Crimea, and the Kuban region. Catherine accepted Eastern Georgia under Russian citizenship and returned the Western Russian lands seized by the Poles.
Under Catherine II, Russia's population increased significantly, hundreds of new cities were built, the treasury quadrupled, industry and agriculture rapidly developed - Russia began to export grain for the first time.
During the reign of the Empress, paper money was introduced in Russia for the first time, a clear territorial division of the empire was carried out, a secondary education system was created, an observatory, a physics laboratory, an anatomical theater, a botanical garden, instrumental workshops, a printing house, a library, and an archive were founded. In 1783, the Russian Academy was founded, which became one of the leading scientific bases in Europe.
Alexander I
Alexander I is the emperor under whom Russia defeated the Napoleonic coalition. During the reign of Alexander I, the territory of the Russian Empire expanded significantly: Eastern and Western Georgia, Mingrelia, Imereti, Guria, Finland, Bessarabia, and most of Poland (which formed the Kingdom of Poland) came under Russian citizenship.
Not everything went smoothly with Alexander the First’s internal policy (“Arakcheevshchina”, police measures against the opposition), but Alexander I carried out a number of reforms: merchants, townspeople and state-owned villagers were given the right to buy uninhabited lands, ministries and a cabinet of ministers were established, and a decree was issued about free cultivators, who created the category of personally free peasants.
Alexander II
Alexander II went down in history as the “Liberator”. Under him, serfdom was abolished. Alexander II reorganized the army, shortened the duration of military service, and corporal punishment was abolished under him. Alexander II established the State Bank, carried out financial, monetary, police and university reforms.
During the reign of the emperor, the Polish uprising was suppressed and the Caucasian War ended. According to the Aigun and Beijing treaties with the Chinese Empire, Russia annexed the Amur and Ussuri territories in 1858-1860. In 1867-1873, the territory of Russia increased due to the conquest of the Turkestan region and the Fergana Valley and the voluntary entry into vassal rights of the Bukhara Emirate and the Khanate of Khiva.
What Alexander II still cannot be forgiven for is the sale of Alaska.
Alexander III
Russia spent almost its entire history in wars. There were no wars only during the reign of Alexander III.
He was called “the most Russian Tsar”, “Peacemaker”. Sergei Witte said this about him: “Emperor Alexander III, having received Russia at the confluence of the most unfavorable political conditions, deeply raised the international prestige of Russia without shedding a drop of Russian blood.”
The merits of Alexander III in foreign policy were noted by France, which called main bridge across the Seine in Paris in honor of Alexander III. Even the Emperor of Germany, Wilhelm II, after the death of Alexander III, said: “This, indeed, was an autocratic Emperor.”
In domestic politics, the emperor’s activities were also successful. A real technical revolution took place in Russia, the economy stabilized, industry developed by leaps and bounds. In 1891, Russia began construction of the Great Siberian Railway.
Joseph Stalin
The era of Stalin's reign was controversial, but it is difficult to deny that he “took over the country with a plow and left it with a nuclear bomb.” We should not forget that it was under Stalin that the USSR won the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. Let's remember the numbers.
During the reign of Joseph Stalin, the population of the USSR increased from 136.8 million people in 1920 to 208.8 million in 1959. Under Stalin, the country's population became literate. By census data In 1879, the population of the Russian Empire was 79% illiterate; by 1932, literacy of the population had risen to 89.1%.
The total volume of industrial production per capita for the years 1913-1950 in the USSR increased 4 times. The growth in agricultural production by 1938 was +45% compared to 1913 and +100% compared to 1920.
By the end of Stalin's reign in 1953, gold reserves increased 6.5 times and reached 2050 tons.
Nikita Khrushchev
Despite all the ambiguity of Khrushchev’s domestic (return of Crimea) and foreign (Cold War) policies, it was during his reign that the USSR became the world’s first space power.
After Nikita Khrushchev’s report at the 20th Congress of the CPSU, the country breathed a freer breath, and a period of relative democracy began, in which citizens were not afraid to go to prison for telling a political joke.
This period saw a rise in Soviet culture, from which ideological shackles were removed. The country discovered the genre of “square poetry”; the whole country knew the poets Robert Rozhdestvensky, Andrei Voznesensky, Evgeny Yevtushenko, and Bella Akhmadulina.
During the reign of Khrushchev, International Youth Festivals were held, Soviet people gained access to the world of imports and foreign fashion. In general, it has become easier to breathe in the country.
You know, I couldn’t resist and conducted my own “sociological” survey. I conducted it as part of my daily publications, tritely attaching three questions to one of the review materials. Why did I do this? The first reason is purely personal. I admit that I am gnawed at by VTsIOM, which has never invited me to participate in its numerous surveys. The second reason is more of a naturalistic nature. Judge for yourself. My blog is read by quite a large number of people. I have 6,295 subscribers on Kont alone. This is not counting other resources that also kindly post my materials. In the 24 hours since publication, the next article in my daily author’s column “Absurd News” is read by 5,000 to 35,000 people. These are general statistics for several resources. My readers are completely different people. They live in different regions of the Russian Federation, have different educational levels, genders and belong to several age categories of citizens. Considering that I put people on the so-called “black list” solely for insulting me personally or my readers, my audience is quite heterogeneous. My embrace of ideological diversity has resulted in my content being read by people of varying beliefs, political views, and ideological preferences. Why am I telling all this? I’m probably doing this in order to convince myself and you that the survey conducted on the pages of my publications is more or less objective. Why not use such powerful tools to establish the truth?
Actually, now you can move on to the survey itself. As a true patriot of the country, I simply cannot help but be concerned about the rapidly falling rating of support for the government and the party in power - United Russia - by the population of the Russian Federation. And so, feeling some distrust of the data kindly provided to us by eminent agencies, I decided to conduct my own experiment, the purpose of which is to establish the truth. It is extremely important for me to understand whether a number of unpopular decisions of the Russian government, supported by United Russia, really caused a rapid collapse in the popularity of the party in power and the Cabinet as a whole, or are they creating some kind of alternative reality for us, trying to turn the population against our “father-commanders”?
The survey itself consisted of three questions, each of which could only be answered unequivocally - “I support” or “I do not support.” I am interested in whether the population supports the policies pursued by the United Russia party, the government of the Russian Federation and personally by the country's President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. Simple, concise, topical.
The results, more or less predictable, made me think a little about what was happening in the country. Firstly, I realized that everything was sad. Very sad. Secondly, I was once again convinced that most of our fellow citizens are poorly oriented in objective reality and are in a kind of looking glass. Judge for yourself.
Only 5 percent of respondents support the policy pursued by the United Russia party. No, undoubtedly, this is a catastrophe, which is primarily caused by the position of party functionaries who have long been thoroughly divorced from reality and have turned the party into a mechanism for unconditional support of any initiatives coming from the government and the administration of the President of the Russian Federation. But this is not the most valuable information I received during this survey.
The policy pursued by the government of the Russian Federation, by the way headed by the leader of that very “United Russia”, which is supported by only 5 percent of respondents, is supported by 12 percent of respondents who took part in my impromptu survey. Sad numbers, definitely sad, but it is difficult for me to understand the logic of some Russians who distributed their preferences in such an illogical way. The government, in the depths of which unpopular reforms are born, is supported by the population much stronger than United Russia, which simply votes “FOR”. In my opinion, in light of the latest reforms, it would be much more logical if the United Russia rating were as close as possible to the rating of public support for the Russian government. But, apparently, there are still those among us who give our officials a certain amount of credit.
The situation with the president's support rating is not as sad as with the support rating of the structures described above. The policies pursued by Vladimir Putin are supported by 64 percent of citizens who took part in the survey. No, undoubtedly, the percentage of support is high and arguing with this fact is stupid and pointless. Can you imagine what this picture looks like from the outside? The majority of Russians support the president, who “gave” us an unpopular prime minister, pursuing an unpopular policy with the support of the United Russia party, which also, apparently, does not enjoy the support of the population and for whose representatives in 2016 Vladimir Putin called on the people to vote elections to the State Duma. Rave? My head is already spinning from this illogical chain of logic, may my readers forgive me for this forced tautology. So what's the deal?
The thing is that, apparently, today the old favorite scheme, as a rule, promoted by “heralds of the regime”, which sounds quite simple, is still relevant. The king is good, the boyars are bad. We believed in this before, a paradox, but we believe in it now, even though all the cards have been revealed and the layout is extremely clear. When Putin came to power, it was a crime to deny this scheme, since he inherited the country with the “Yeltsin” legacy and those boyars who got him as a “bonus” to his presidential status could not be good by default, since they symbolized a rather sad era in the history of Russia. But Putin had to work with them, and we perfectly understood how difficult it was for him.
But time passed, and the inherited boyars were gradually replaced by their own boyars. But even at that moment they unobtrusively made it clear to us that the tsar was good and the boyars were bad. There were those who divided the government, and the political bloc as a whole, into “liberals” and “patriots,” who wage an invisible battle day and night for the future of Russia, which is close to each of the blocs. Putin, of course, is a patriot, but he was unlucky with his surroundings. Once again, liberals and pro-Westerners, hirelings of the State Department and the IMF, have crept into the holy of holies. We were even told about the “fifth column” - a collection of insidious and cynical enemies entrenched in all echelons of power. And we believed because we wanted to believe in something good. I wanted to believe that there was someone up there who really cared about our future. We believe in this, well, at least some of us, even now.
What's next? But what comes next certain moment truth, which could plunge the country into the abyss of a protracted political crisis. On August 21, deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation will return from vacation for one day, at Volodin’s request, in order to once again discuss the pension reform proposed by the government, which they already supported in the first reading. They did not support the entire deputy corps, but only the forces of the United Russia faction, which, in principle, was more than enough. This “fuss” suggests that the pension reform must be carried out at all costs in the first months of autumn. Of course, the population places responsibility for the unpopular reform, which is accompanied by a “quiet” increase in VAT, on the “bad boyars,” as evidenced by the exceptionally low rating of the government and the even lower rating of the United Russia party. Well, okay, let’s say the “bad boyars” will insist on pension reform and carry it through all the readings, at the same time forming among the population the opinion that pension reform will cure depression, alcoholism, increase life expectancy and restore the reproductive function of elderly women. But then the word is up to the “good king”. According to the logic of the active part of the population, who believe in something good and bright, which they associate specifically with Vladimir Putin, the “tsar” must say his weighty “no” and strictly reprimand the “boyars” who decided to once again rob the population.
Will the “good king” say his categorical “no”? This is a question that is difficult to answer definitively. Personally, I am almost sure that Putin will sign a decree that will approve raising the retirement age for Russians. Perhaps there will be some minor amendments, maybe they will play a bright and beautiful movie demonstrating the fight for our rights on the part of the president and the government’s reluctance to back down, but this will have little effect. The moment will come when people will understand that the tsar and the boyars are at the same time...
Such an insight, which will undoubtedly come as a shock to some, will force many to take off their rose-colored glasses and think about the processes taking place in the country. First of all, this will hit the president’s rating, which will inevitably collapse to the level of the Russian government’s rating. Secondly, this will force the majority of Russians to come out of a certain stupor and begin to take an interest in politics, which in turn is fraught with reforms, which this time will be launched from below. This is indeed a dangerous situation, which is fraught with serious consequences for our explosive society. The consequences, I would say, are irreversible. Such a split in society, a split when on one side there will be “the Tsar and the boyars”, and on the other the entire population of the Russian Federation, will sooner or later lead to the fact that one of the parties will go on the offensive to ensure its superiority...
There is an old joke about how Nicholas rode in a carriage with Tsarevich Alexander and his mentor, the poet Vasily Zhukovsky. The innocent prince saw a famous three-letter word on the fence and asked Zhukovsky what it meant. The Emperor looked at Zhukovsky with interest, waiting to see how the master of words would get out of the situation.
“Your Imperial Highness,” answered Zhukovsky, “this is the imperative mood of the verb “hot.”
The Emperor remained silent. But upon returning home, he smiled at Zhukovsky, unfastened the chain with an expensive gold watch and handed it to the poet with the words: X.. in his pocket!
Quoted by S. Scott, The Romanovs - biography of the dynasty. This is, of course, nothing new. Another thing is interesting. I was amused by the number and, especially, the variety of versions circulating on the Internet. Many people and many places, it turns out, have seen this word. (The spelling and punctuation of the originals have been left unchanged. Particularly noteworthy details have been highlighted in bold.)
Famous Russian poet V.A. Zhukovsky was the tutor of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich (future Tsar Alexander II). They regularly walked around St. Petersburg, and the future heir always asked many inquisitive questions. One day Emperor Nicholas I himself decided to take a walk with them (their morals were democratic). And it must happen that just this time The crown prince saw what was scrawled at the gates of the Summer Garden(sic! - bdbd) everyone knows Russian word"x" of three letters. But the boy did not know him, and innocently asked the teacher: “What does it mean?” The fact is that his father, well-known swearer in St. Petersburg, never mentioned this word in front of my son. But the Tsarevich did not communicate with street children. Zhukovsky looked at Nicholas I and saw that he began to intensively examine the clouds. And Zhukovsky brilliantly came out of a very slippery situation (after all, he knew the Russian literary language better than the tsar). He said: “Your Highness, this word is nothing more than a form of the imperative mood from the verb “how.” For example, poke - pop, chew - chew, eat - . The heir to the throne was satisfied with the answer and began to ask the teacher about something else. After the walk, at the doors of the Winter Palace the tsar, using the imperative form of the word “khovat,” handed Zhukovsky his gold watch and invited to have dinner with the Family.
(http://fizmet.dgtu.donetsk.ua/russian/kpt/interesting/evrica0.htm)
Somehow when royal family took a walk around St. Petersburg, the heir to the throne saw what was written on the fence the word "x#y". Brought up in isolation from the Russian oral language, he did not know what it meant, and immediately asked at dad's: “What is x#y?” Dad got embarrassed and kept silent. Fortunately, the prince’s mentor was nearby - the great Russian poet Zhukovsky, who immediately clearly explained to the inquisitive boy what such a thing is. Little Russian the word “khovat”, that is, “to hide”. And the imperative mood of the verb “hot” will be “x#y”. The morality of the heir was respected. The next morning, when Zhukovsky appeared at the palace, he received a rich gift from the tsar - a gold watch. On the back cover there was engraving: "Put it in your pocket!"
(http://helpfrom.narod.ru/helper/docs/01051113.HUM.html)
Three letter word
As you know, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, the future Emperor Alexander II, had the poet V.A. as his teacher and mentor throughout his adolescence. Zhukovsky. Without being a bore, he did not bore the boy with moral lectures. At first he limited himself two-hour walking with him around St. Petersburg. The inquisitive heir asked questions. Zhukovsky answered. At lunch with parents the boy enthusiastically recounted everything that he had talked about with Vasily Andreevich today. These conversations must have been interesting. In any case, one day Alexander’s father, Emperor Nicholas I, deigned to accompany his son and his teacher on another walk.
And this must happen! At the newly painted gates of the Summer Garden(lovely! - bdbd) the boy saw scratched with a nail word. It consisted of three letters. The heir never heard him. Well, it wasn’t said in front of him. And with childish innocence he asked Zhukovsky: what does this word mean?
First of all, the poet looked at the king. And by the way he raised his head and began to watch the cloud crawling across the sky with exaggerated attention, Zhukovsky realized that the emperor (great swearer!), Certainly, knows the meaning of this word, but provides the teacher with the opportunity to extricate himself from this most unpleasant situation.
And Zhukovsky answered. Without thinking for even a few seconds, he said something that from that day on, from that very moment the dazzling rise of his career began courtier...
Now put this sheet aside and think: what would you answer to the heir if you were in Zhukovsky’s place?
The answer from Vasily Andreevich himself was this:
Your Highness, this word is nothing more than a form of the imperative mood from the verb “how”. For example, poke - pop, chew - chew. And this sucks.
The heir's curiosity was satisfied, he immediately asked Zhukovsky about something else, he answered... During the entire walk, the king did not say a word. And only when saying goodbye, at the very entrance to the palace, he took it out of his pocket. golden breguet and, using the imperative form of the verb “to hove,” he advised the poet to hide the watch away so that it would not be stolen. And right there invited him to a family dinner- an honor that the emperor rarely honored anyone with.
(http://www.komok.ru/statyi/28-99/istoriya.html)
An example of a mastery of language so brilliant that it allows one to create aesthetic reality out of anything is the following historical anecdote.
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky, mentor of Tsarevich Alexander (future Emperor Alexander II), rode with the heir in a carriage. The boy saw on the fence classic Russian inscription of three letters. Not being familiar with the meaning of this grapheme, he wanted to ask his mentor what it meant. Vasily Andreevich, after thinking, explained to the royal son: this is the second person (you, you) of the singular (you) of the imperative mood (do!) from the verb hovat (hide), like poke - stick.
Did anyone subsequently bring Alexander the Liberator out of this? chaste delusion and if so, who it was, history is silent about this.
(http://www.chaspik.spb.ru/cgi-bin/index.cgi?level=12-2001%C7.&rub=6&stat=2)
Nikolai Pavlovich (I), his son, the Tsarevich, and Zhukovsky, a poet and court teacher, were walking. And the young Tsarevich happened to see a famous three-letter word on the fence, so he asked his teacher - what does this word mean? After a moment of confusion, Zhukovsky explained to the youth that this word is a form of the imperative mood from “khovat” (to hide); for example:
"to poke" - "throw", "to shove" - "..."
The king chuckled, having heard such an interpretation. And when they returned to the palace, the tsar took Zhukovsky into his office, took out a watch with diamonds, And, swinging them on a chain, said:
- I reward you: keep it... in your pocket!..
(http://www.ipm.md/anecdotes/35.htm)
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was the tutor of the future Emperor Alexander II. (But even he could not vaccinate the son of Nicholas I love for A.S. Pushkin. Alexander had a pathological hatred of the poet). One day at the table Alexander asked Nicholas the First what a dick is. “Explain,” - ordered Emperor Zhukovsky. Zhukovsky said that There are three verbs in Russian: poke, forge, and hove. From them comes the imperative form of the verb: sui, kuy, khui. But it’s better not to use this common word. Nicholas I liked the explanation so much that he took a watch out of his pocket and handed it to Zhukovsky: “Fuck you.” Zhukovsky politely replied: “Thank you, dick.”
(http://soil.msu.ru/ru/horizons/g.html)
Russian poet who was involved in education royal daughters, cleverly avoided answering the question of one of them: “What would that mean?” He interpreted the well-known three-letter word as the imperative mood of the Little Russian verb “khovat” (to hide). Sovereign Emperor got a poet to the smoking room, where he gave him golden snuff box with the words: “And x.. put it in your pocket.
(http://algromov.narod.ru/anekdots/main2.html and http://spikeweb.narod.ru/an/an16.htm)
One day Emperor Alexander II wife, Empress Maria Feodorovna, walked in park of the Catherine Palace(in Tsarskoe Selo, near St. Petersburg, where the famous Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum is). The Empress, being German, was keenly interested Russian language and seeing on one of the trees parka cut out the word "dick" loud asked what it was. Emperor's Retinue blushed, maids of honor got embarrassed, the emperor did not know what to do. And here Zhukovsky approached the empress ( the same one, who is a poet, writer and close friend of Pushkin), who was a teacher of the imperial children at court. Zhukovsky pointed to the tree and uttered that very famous explanation that “hui” is an imperative mood from the Russian verb “khovat”, as in “to poke” - “sui”. Emperor called the famous poet aside and, giving him his gold watch, said: fuck it in your pocket!
Just like that.
(http://www.anekdot.ru/other-98-display.html?from=1316)
The famous poet Zhukovsky, in addition to being a poet and friend of Pushkin, at one time worked as a teacher royal children. AND once The Emperor arrived in Tsarskoe Selo with the Empress and his retinue. Walking through the park, the empress sees tree with carving on it a famous 3-letter word. Like any decent Russian empress, she was German and knew the language, as a German should, so she asks: "What does this word mean, Lord?" The Emperor and his retinue naturally hesitated, and Zhukovsky says: “Your Majesty, this is an imperative mood from Ukrainian words HOWAT i.e. hide." To the Empress this it turned out to be enough she nodded and walked on, and the emperor approached Zhukovsky, handed over his watch and said: “PICK in your pocket.”
(http://ok.msk.ru/ok.ru/humor/misc40.html)
For example, I really liked one such situation, or rather not a situation, but a real-life case with Nicholas I, when he was walking around St. Petersburg with his daughter Maria Nikolaevna. Suddenly she saw that same three-letter word on the fence. She Naturally I asked right away he has what it means. And Nicholas I was famous foul-mouthed man, but he himself came to a dead end and didn’t know how to explain it and said: “Ask your literature teachers Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. Naturally, at dinner she asks him: “Vasily Andreevich, what does this word mean?” Here All straightaway became wary, they don’t know how he will get out of this situation. He put the cutlery aside and says: “Do you know, Maria Nikolaevna, what the word “forge” means?” She says: “Yes, of course, I know. It’s in the forge.” “And then how do you say the word “forge” in the first person imperative?” She says: "Kuy." “That’s right. Do you know, Maria Nikolaevna, what the word “khovat” means?” “Yes,” he says. “It’s hiding something like that.” “Yes, that’s right. And how will it be in the first person imperative?” She speaks naturally. Here All straightaway breathed a sigh of relief, and Nicholas I causes Vasily Andreevich and says: “Well, Vasily Andreevich, well thank you for your resourcefulness, for your excellent knowledge of the Russian language, here's to you gold cigarette case and shove it in the first person deeper into your pocket." It’s all very simple.
(http://duma-sps.w-m.ru:8082/position/408044.html)
Historical anecdote. The personalities involved in the joke are genuine, and the fact, they say, took place...
Russia, end of the 18th century. Future Emperor Alexander I the Blessed, but for now not even the heir to the throne, for it was the time of his great grandmother Catherine II, and so, little Alexander travels around St. Petersburg in a carriage with his mentor, historian and writer, and at the same time the creator of the first Russian grammar N.M. Karamzin, A at the same time with his numerous retinue. AND suddenly on the fence around the erected monument to Peter the Great young Alexander sees the same thing as we can see now, namely the word (obscene word).
- What does this mean? - asks Tsarevich at Karamzin's.
Retinue falls silent in horror, for no one dares to give an explanation, and all eyes are directed to Karamzin.
“This word,” answers the luminary of science, “ there is a verb. Just as from the verb “to poke” there is an imperative mood “sui”, so from the verb “to hove” this word “(obscene word)” comes.
The news of this reached the Empress, and Catherine, having a good laugh, ordered to give Karamzin a gift, pocket watch with dedication inscription: "(obscene word) this one's in your pocket!"
(http://doizer.sitecity.ru/ltext_15474.phtml?p_ident=ltext_15474.p_24109)
At the ball to the Sovereign Emperor Alexander the First fits Princess Golitsyna and says:
- Your Imperial Majesty! Let me ask you a question? In men's conversations I often hear the word, the meaning of which I don’t understand. I asked several times to explain, but the men grinning and they don't answer...
- What kind of word is this, princess? - asks Alexander Pavlovich.
- This is the word "cock", Your Majesty!
- Hm... Right here nearby a great expert on Russian literature - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin. We'll ask him to help...
Gavrila Romanovich answered immediately:
- Princess! This is the imperative mood from the verb “to hide”, that is, “to hide”. As from the verb “to forge” the imperative mood is “forge” and from the verb “to poke” - “throw”.
- Thank you very much, Your Majesty! Thank you, Gavrila Romanovich! Now I remember and will know what these men are whispering about!
Princess runs away happily.
The Emperor grins, looking after her. After takes off his uniform order Vladimir Second degree and handing it to Gavrila Romanovich says:
- Well done, Derzhavin! Dick in your pocket!
(http://games.berezniki.ru/anekdot/?date=2001-09-09)
Well, if you have read the above, then you can easily answer this question.
Or maybe there are eyewitnesses in LiveJournal?
A lion - tsar animals, but it is hardly suitable for a pet. In the same way, love is too strong a feeling to become the basis of a happy marriage.
“There cannot and should not be fear of God, the expression “fear of God” is inaccurate and requires interpretation; one can only experience mystical horror before God, horror before an endless mystery and experience longing for God. Introducing religious fear into our religious faith and into our attitude towards God is introducing the category of everyday natural life of the world into a higher sphere in which it is inapplicable. Fear may be of an evil beast or of infectious diseases, but not of God. You can be afraid of the authorities of this ordinary world, kings, people's commissars or gendarmes, but not God. One can only be terrified of God or yearn for Him.”
The Supreme Power is the guardian of the idea of the Russian state, it personifies its strength and integrity, and if there is Russia, then only with the efforts of all its sons to protect it, to protect this Power, which has shackled Russia and protects it from collapse. Autocracy of Moscow Kings does not resemble the autocracy of Peter, just as the autocracy of Peter does not resemble the autocracy of Catherine the Second and the Tsar Liberator. After all, the Russian state grew and developed from its own Russian roots, and along with it, of course, the Supreme Royal Power changed and developed. It is impossible to attach some alien, foreign flower to our Russian roots, to our Russian trunk. Let our native Russian color blossom, let it blossom and unfold under the influence of the interaction of the Supreme Power and the new representative system bestowed by It.
Formula " tsar and the people - unity" is our undoubted national principle and, moreover, a precious principle, as it creates a higher form of statehood than Western European, monistic, not dualistic, which always contains the possibility of deep conflicts.
Formula " tsar and the people - unity" seems not only to be an expression of religious and moral consciousness or the fruit of abstract thought, but contains a deep real meaning and its content, with further development people and weakening of the mediastinum between king and the people, is becoming wider and more diverse.
The task of Russian statehood is to merge interests king and the people together; to accomplish this is a matter of talent and genius of Russian statesmen. Outside of this, the reign of civil strife can strengthen on our territory and there is no end in sight for its days.
The defenders of the Roman throne “will not prove, I think,” I will say in the words of the above-mentioned zealous and wise Bernard from a letter to Pope Eugene, “they will never prove, I think, that any of the apostles sat and judged people, determined boundaries or divided regions of the earth " And a little lower: “These matters, earthly and earthly, have their own judges, that is kings and the rulers of the earth: why do you extend your sickle to someone else’s harvest,” that is, you, the primates of the Roman Church, why do you extend spiritual power to the worldly affairs of men?
I am going to Siberia and am firmly convinced that millions of people sympathize with me. Down with king, down with despotism! Long live freedom! They made me, a political criminal, a simple murderer! Shame on the new Russian court, this is not a court, but cheating!
At the turn of the 17th century, a genius appeared in Russia Tsar, filled with extraordinary energy, immense strength of spirit... The gift of power is a great gift, but a dangerous gift: directed in the wrong direction, it can do as much harm as good if it is directed for good. The most brilliant of people, Peter was carried away by his genius. He looked at Europe: discoveries, inventions, at the same time the sophistication and freedom of morals, decency, allowing and excusing vice and debauchery, scope for human passions and outward splendor - struck his gaze. He looked at Russia: going through the difficult path of original development, trying to assimilate all the good things, but without ceasing to be itself, slowly moving forward, recognizing the people as always the people, not dressing debauchery in decency and good faith, not at all shining with external splendor, professing other things before proud Europe. , not spectacular principles of humility and spiritual freedom, deeply religious, quietly praying, Russia seemed to Peter an ignorant country in which there is nothing good except good, excellent folk material. Peter did not hesitate to condemn at once the entire life of Russia, all of its past, to reject for it the possibility of selfhood and nationality.
The progress of human civilization in expanding the boundaries of human freedom does not advance from top to bottom. No one tsar, not a single parliament, not a single government has expanded human rights beyond the demands of the people.
For centuries, the most powerful driver of the actions and experiences of mankind has been the feeling of love, for this feeling, belonging to a number of the simplest, almost instinctive, manifests itself with equal force in both developed and not intellectually developed people. This feeling on the battlefield is the main positive factor that controls the spiritual element of the fighters. Its main forms: love for To the Tsar and the Motherland, to the Faith, to each other, etc. - served and serve as the main incentive for military education.
They love sovereigns at their own discretion, and fear them at the discretion of sovereigns, so it is better for a wise ruler to count on what depends on him and not on someone else.
As long as people bow to the Caesars and Napoleons, the Caesars and Napoleons will come to power and bring misfortune to people.
Woe to the peoples who stone their prophets!” says the scripture. But the Russian people have nothing to fear, for nothing can worsen their unfortunate fate.
My heaviest sin is that I allowed Bahruz Khanum and the mother of my heir Tahmas Mirza Tajly Beyim to stay in Chaldiran. Both of them fought in men's clothing. Both of them, it turns out, were called to fight in the name of the glory of the Motherland.
The sovereign should have no other thoughts, no other concerns, no other business than war, military regulations and military science, for war is the only duty that a ruler cannot assign to another.
Christian rulers do not get along with each other. It is very strange. Because the turmoil between them emboldens their common enemy. Therefore, I wrote to the King of Hungary to stop his hostility with European rulers.
He belonged to the ancient Hyde dynasty and was the son and heir of the Earl of Clarendon, the queen's uncle... but there was no pride in his behavior.
Let everyone know that I, devoting all my strength to the good of the people, will protect the principles of autocracy as firmly and unswervingly as my late, unforgettable parent guarded it.
- What, what? Kem volost?
- Oh, ya, ya, Kemsk volost. Oh, ya, ya.
/* We hugged on the path. And there is no Swedish medallion... */
- Why are you crawling, father?
- Ah... The ambassador lost the knightly order from his chest.
- You can’t be so absent-minded. You need to look at things when you enter a room.
- You didn’t take it? Or maybe he has fallen behind the throne? Well there is no way.
/* Comrade Bunsha is ready to suspect... */
- I am again tormented by vague doubts. Shpak has a tape recorder, the ambassador has a medallion.
―
What are you hinting at? I ask you, what are you hinting at, royal face?
/* It's time to have a little snack... */
- Just a minute! At whose expense is this banquet? Who will pay?
- Oh, twisted hare kidneys, pike heads with garlic. Black caviar! Red! Yes... Overseas caviar... Eggplant!
- Ivan Vasilyevich, look how my apartment was treated! After all, everything that was acquired through back-breaking labor has all perished!
- What is this, huh? Well, go home, alcoholic!
―
- Hello. King... Very nice. Tsar, very nice, Tsar. Very nice, hello, king. It’s a pleasure, king. King, it's a pleasure. Hello, king, it’s a pleasure.
- I think you and I met somewhere.
- What are you weaving, you bastard?
―
- And you’re still at work, you’re still at work, great sir, like a bee!
- Margot, you are the only person who understands me.
- Well, another glass under the pike head?
- Why are you, maestrs, silent? Come on, break something for us!
- Everybody dance!
- Dear autocrat, we are lost!
- I demand that the banquet be continued!
I am the King...
/* But still, who are you? */
- Do you smoke? Do not smoke? You're doing it right. I don't smoke either. But still, who are you?
―
- Quiet. Surname?
―
We are Rurikovichs.
- Tell me, what is my fault, boyar?
- The Tambov wolf is your boyar!
- He took Kazan, he took Astrakhan, he took Revel, he didn’t take Shpak.
- Another one was detained, comrade lieutenant.
- They didn’t detain... they didn’t detain. They didn't arrest me! They didn’t detain me, but I went to you, to you, myself. Frankly admit everything. With delight I surrender myself into the hands of my native police. I hope and trust in her.
- You're lying, dog! I am the king!
/* We will all be cured. EVERYONE. The main thing is to take your time and give back to the community. .. */
- Now you will be cured, alcoholic.
- And you will be cured! And you will be cured too! And I will be cured!
/* Georges suggests not to rush */
- If I were you, I would immediately begin my doctoral dissertation!
- There is no need to rush. I always have time to sit down.
/* Ivan Vasilyevich returns home */
- Faster, Ivan Vasilyevich!
- I’m running, Lord, my sins are grave.
- What?
- What is it?
- Oh, you hooligan!
- What rudeness! And also put on glasses!
And what's interesting...
What do quotes from the film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” teach us?
Do you think a person can’t lie every minute? This one can.
If you are tempted to make a scandal, don’t. Suddenly you have to go back.
And before you start the banquet, find out who will pay.
Watch good films - and you will be happy.
And remember: This is what the life-giving cross does!
Join us, Baron. Join us!
Did you like the post? Love good quotes?
Then let's not lose each other!
Stay in touch:
Related links
5 DVDs, Collector's Edition. Taste from my cup too!
Book! . Where is your noblewoman? In the church, or what?
